I want to improve my Milky Way photos, but I don't know how [+photos attached]

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Tomás Andonie avatar
I am a 19 year old young man and I have been doing astrophotography for the last 3-4 years. I do from deep space, lunar and wide field.
This post is regarding the last topic. And I am always looking for advice and help to improve my techniques and my photos in general.
Sorry for making this a bit long, but I wanted to put all the relevant information. Since maybe there may be more people in my position and this could help them.

I've been looking at my latest Milky Way photos I've taken, and there's something that has always bothered me a little. It is the color I get with respect to the Milky Way against the sky. My question is whether this comes from taking the photos, more from the processing, or both.

(You can see in my profile that my equipment is as simple as a Nikon D3300 with lenses, and a StarAdventurer 2i.
Regarding taking photos, it is also somewhat complicated. I travel 2 times a year to the south of my country where I have a sky with bortle 2. The problem is that when I travel on winter holidays, where it is Milky Way season, 95% of the days are cloudy. and when I travel in summer, only 10-30% of the days are cloudy, but there is no milky way all night. so it is quite difficult for me if I want to have 1 whole night to photograph it. I have taken these photos when there are nights with 3-5 hours of clear moments.)


I must say, that I perfectly understand that these photos (see in the attached photo) are mostly mosaics of several long exposures. Where in my case I only make mosaics of 1 single exposure of 30-50s. Therefore, I understand that I am not going to be able to reveal that amount of red hydrogen nebulae, nor the interstellar dust that is seen on the sides of the Milky Way. But the galactic center, I did capture it without problems, just like them.

Leaving that clear, I focus on the general tones and contrasts it achieves. Those orange, yellow and red colors of the Milky Way, to those beautiful blues and even greens of the sky. In my photographs (see in the attached photo), I see a general blue throughout the sky, and a brownish yellow in the galactic center. very, very different.

So, is this due to my poor equipment, bad photo taking, bad post-processing, or a little of everything?

Any opinion, advice, tip or comment is very helpful to me. As well as if you have any good videos or tutorials that explain this in more detail.
Thank you very much in advance to all of you! Clear skies.

Oscar avatar
Would you mind providing the raw (master) file of one of your 3 images? (or your processed jpeg) I might be able to help you. I think your problem is that you do not have enough H-alpha (not enough of those red nebulae) and also because everything has a blue tone you need to adjust the color balance. That's what I want to do with your image and some stuff with saturation.
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Brian Puhl avatar
These images from a glance look very good… I think they just need some color calibration and or balancing.      I think messierman is on the right track and can help you.
Wei-Hao Wang avatar
Actually I prefer your three much more than the three from other people.  Of course, there is room for you to improve, like color balancing, and extracting shadow details.  If you don't have a tracker, you may increase the number of subs and stack the sky and ground separately, to enhance the shadow S/N.

I do not encourage you to use the three taken by other photographers as your model of improvement.  Their skies are extremely deep, much deeper than the ground, and their skies have nearly no atmospheric effects.  Essentially they are combining two themes that can never naturally appear together into one picture.  I never understand what's the point of doing so.  Sure, astrophotography is about revealing faint objects that cannot be seen by human eyes.  But doing so will bring the ground scene to extreme saturation.  Their sky portions are excellent deep-sky pictures by themselves.  Why putting ground scenes that more or less match what human eyes see without any atmospheric effects is totally beyond me.  This is so unnatural.  Of course, this is personal taste.

There are many other people who more naturally blend sky and ground, with the inclusion of realistic atmospheric effects. For example, Łukasz Żak is a master of this.  I hope to encourage more people to take this "natural" approach.
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Jerry avatar
Hi Tomas, you are off to a very good start!  Your milky way photos are better than mine, so can't really offer any suggestions on the capture side, but I think the blue cast in the final image relates to the white balance temperature.   Thanks for sharing you photos!
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Die Launische Diva avatar
Hi Tomás,

I think your only major issue is the color balance, otherwise I do prefer your images than the examples you compare your work with. I agree with @Wei-Hao Wang, their images are a combination of deep-sky images with some foreground which some may say that it can be from a different place and time. I am also a great fan of @Łukasz Żak (even if sometimes I feel as he repeats himself regarding his foreground/landscape choices. But maybe that is an inevitable limitation of the pristine locations he prefers and is able to image from).
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Victor Lima avatar
Hi Tomás,

From what I saw in your images, it seems that your issue has more to do with the quality of the sky, the equipment and the editing of the images.

I don't know exactly where your images were captured, but it makes a lot of difference if you capture them in a Bortle 1 or 2 sky, like in the images taken by Benjamin and other photographers.

As for his equipment, it's not clear to me whether his camera is modified for astrophotography. If not, that makes all the difference.

Regarding image editing, you clearly have a problem with adjusting the color balance.
The images are very blue, which does not favor the display of emission nebulae.
Keep in mind that in a dark place with no moon, the sky will not be blue.

Take a look at my profile images. I don't use a tracker and only work with exposures of 15 to 30 seconds.
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Wei-Hao Wang avatar
Die Launische Diva:
(even if sometimes I feel as he repeats himself regarding his foreground/landscape choices. But maybe that is an inevitable limitation of the pristine locations he prefers and is able to image from).

Let me echo this comment.  I have the same feeling too.  On one hand, I agree that this would be the limitation of location.  On the other hand, what I see from this is a determined astrophotographer who continues to practice in a daily basis and to constantly sharpen his skills despite the limited choices of foreground.  If someone continues to practice like this in locations that are easily accessible to him, one day when he travels to an unusual place, he will be able to pull the trigger and capture highly unusual pictures.

But of course, I must say that the locations that are easily accessible to him are much better than what most people have.  He is lucky in this sense, but what really admires me is his determination to constantly produce images. He is the best example of "practice leads to success."
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Tomás Andonie avatar
Thank you very much for the advice you have given me, I have highlighted quite important information from what you have said.

The truth is that I agree with what you say @Wei-Hao Wang  I definitely believe that the place with the sky are taken at different moments and frames, perhaps different times too. But personally I have still experimented with compositions and I have also taken photos with that same methodology and technique. It is something purely personal to the art of each photographer, but in my case I have no problem. only and when landscapes that are impossible to replicate in real life are not created (I don't know, a milky way in the middle of a city).

I understand that it is due to several factors in succession that cause my images to be that way. Maybe I'm used to the same workflow as always, and that's why I create photos with such similar tones so I'll be more attentive to color correction. But I understand on the other hand, that I cannot compare myself with the photos I showed, since I have significantly inferior equipment, a totally different sky, etc.

Finally, I created a folder with 2 nights that I went out to photograph, which I could find inside my hard drive, where I have a session of 9 lights x 30s and another of 8 lights x 120s. They may not be the best photos, but if anyone wants to try to process them, there they are! Even advice if you see any defects when taking the photos, it is also welcome. And for you, here there are @messierman3000 
Anyone who tries to edit them, I hope you can clearly show them to me either in this thread or by private message, so I can see what you got.

Folder with Raw Images

Once again, thank you all very much, and it is clear that we must continue improving!
Clear skies!!
Oscar avatar
@Tomás Andonie Here you go I know I would have a done a much better job if I had Pixinsight and Russel Cromans StarXterminator, NoiseXterminator and BlurXterminator. That would cost me $500. But at some point I will have to get it.

Just as I thought, you just needed some color balancing, and a little bit of saturation tweaking. The bigger differences were made with Photoshop Levels, Curves, and Camera Raw color tweaking. Stacked in DeepSkyStacker, 100% processed in Photoshop. One special plugin was used and it's called AstroFlat Pro; it did some magic and saved the image from a huge gradient. I think it adds a synthetic flat frame or something.

I also noticed you were lacking the H-alpha.

So this is what I got based on what I think looks good, more of those red/orange tones on a more natural (more natural to me anyway) sky background:

One thing is for sure, I really removed that blue tone.


I sent you in a private message the full res and the stack
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Deep Joy Dey Mazumdar avatar
Hi Tomás,First of all, kudos to you for your dedication to astrophotography at such a young age. Your enthusiasm and passion for capturing the cosmos are truly commendable.It's great that you've provided so much relevant information about your equipment, shooting conditions, and the issues you're facing with your Milky Way photos. This helps others in the community understand your situation better.Regarding the color issues you're experiencing, achieving the right colors in astrophotography can indeed be a challenge, and it often involves a combination of factors including equipment, shooting techniques, and post-processing. Here are a few thoughts and suggestions:
  1. Equipment: While your Nikon D3300 and StarAdventurer 2i setup is capable of capturing the Milky Way, better equipment with larger sensors and faster lenses can often produce more vibrant and detailed results. However, don't let equipment limitations discourage you; many stunning Milky Way photos have been taken with basic gear.
  2. Shooting Conditions: It's good that you're traveling to areas with low light pollution (Bortle 2) to capture the Milky Way. The clarity of the night sky plays a significant role in the quality of your images. Continue to choose nights with clear skies and minimal light pollution whenever possible.
  3. Post-Processing: Color correction and enhancement are crucial in astrophotography post-processing. Using software like Adobe Photoshop or dedicated astrophotography tools can help you adjust and balance the colors in your images. There are plenty of tutorials available online that can guide you through the post-processing steps specific to astrophotography.
  4. Mosaics: While it's understandable that you're using single exposures for your mosaics, consider experimenting with longer exposures, stacking multiple shorter exposures, or even trying tracked shots to capture more detail and color in the Milky Way.
  5. Learning Resources: You asked for tutorials, and there are plenty of resources available online. Websites like YouTube have a wealth of astrophotography tutorials and post-processing guides. Additionally, joining astrophotography forums and communities can provide you with valuable feedback and tips from experienced astrophotographers.

Remember that astrophotography is both an art and a science, and it often takes time and experimentation to achieve the results you desire. Keep honing your skills, learning from others, and trying new techniques. Your passion for this craft will undoubtedly lead to improvement in your astrophotography journey.Clear skies and best of luck with your future Milky Way captures! 🌌📷✨
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Boyan Stiliyanov avatar
To me the 2nd set of images look naturally balanced.
But to be honest I really like the first set more. It really gives a strong temperature contrast between the cold earthly landscape of Earth and the warm glow of the stars and galaxy. I look at it more from aesthetic and art perspective.

A quick and not so professional fix for removing the blue tint is going to Lightroom, brushing (selecting) the areas of the picture with more blue color and reducing the saturation only of the blue color. I'm sure there's a better way of doing this in Photoshop, but I'm a photographer and it's the most intuitive way for me.

Also look at my 2 photos I uploaded of the Milky Way. I'm doing AP from 2 years and I fought hard for pretty milky way colours, but your photos are way ahead of mine!
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Marc Monarcha avatar
Hey Tomas,

Your images are truly wonderful. If I had to change something, it would be the blue tone to begin with. Maybe remove some of that blue as a first step. If you want to get more of the red nebulosity, you might want to consider an astromodified camera.
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Oscar avatar
Boyan Stiliyanov:
To me the 2nd set of images look naturally balanced.
But to be honest I really like the first set more. It really gives a strong temperature contrast between the cold earthly landscape of Earth and the warm glow of the stars and galaxy. I look at it more from aesthetic and art perspective.

A quick and not so professional fix for removing the blue tint is going to Lightroom, brushing (selecting) the areas of the picture with more blue color and reducing the saturation only of the blue color. I'm sure there's a better way of doing this in Photoshop, but I'm a photographer and it's the most intuitive way for me.

Also look at my 2 photos I uploaded of the Milky Way. I'm doing AP from 2 years and I fought hard for pretty milky way colours, but your photos are way ahead of mine!

Yeah, and I think @Tomás Andonie should listen to this as well because I was not very clear on how I removed the blue tone.

I'll show you how I did it in Photoshop. Select Window and check the Histogram box. A box will appear and it will show a histogram for R, G, and B. The image below shows that the colors are balanced:
And this bottom image is how the colors look when they are not balanced, in this case, it's a close representation of Tomas' blue tone problem (idk if you want to call it a problem, I actually like the blue tone a bit.)

There probably are similar tools in other softwares, including Siril I think.

And, as Marc said, you do need a modified camera to capture the red nebulae because stock cameras have a built in filter that blocks a lot of H-alpha.
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RadMan24 avatar
The night sky, unless at twilight, is not blue. If you use a daylight color balance in the rawconverter, or in-camera daylight balance, you will get natural color RGB milky way photos. If you use daylight color balance, and use an appriopiate black point, avoiding the shift to blue as scene intensity drops, you will not only uncover the beautiful colors of the Milky Way, but also the air glow present in such landscape scenes. Here is  a small jpg of a 2x2 mosaic using such practices (stock canon 6DM2, sigma 40mm at f/1.4, 2x2 30 second frames (2 minutes total exposure), with land and sky seperately processed then blended): 
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Zi Ang Jia avatar
The difference between your photos and one by maybe txmrae is equipment. From what I can tell, you Nikon isn't astromod, which means that your missing out on a lot of H-Alpha emmissions. Secondly, professional milky way photographers may also choose to use a clip in H-Alpha filter which adds narrowband data to their existing non filtered images, therby boosting H-Alpha emmisions even more.

Obviously your color balancing is something you could work on.

Lastly, it may just be an issue of low ISO, but since your images look a bit dark, i would recommend getting a lens with a wider aperture to get a better signal to noise ratio. There also also many cameras that have better noise performance than the Nikon D3300. At a similar price, the Sony A7 mark 1, or maybe 2 would be an excellent option, as its full frame, ok ish noise performance, and is extremely easy to astromod - something that you could easily do by yourself. The Sony E mount also offers many excellent astrophotography lenses, e.g., Samyang 14mm F2.8, Samyang 20mm/24mm F1.8. If your willing to shell out a bit more the Sony 20mm F1.8 G lens is arguably one of the best astro lenses out there whilst not being that much more expensive than its Samyang counterparts and significantly cheaper than similar Sony G master and Sigma Art lenses.

However, your images look amazing, and the only thing I would rlly work on is the color balancing.

CS
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