Daniel Petzen avatar
Hi!

I created this group as I have a Celestron C9.25 and I've been spending a couple of years struggling with the 2,350mm focal length, stubbornly refusing to get a focal reducer.

I saw my C9.25 as an Meade ETX-90 upgrade to do planetary imaging, but I quickly got hooked on deep sky imaging, which proved to be an enormous challenge.

Little did I know that my poor SkyWatcher EQ6 Pro (not even a R model) would have to swing 15kg of equipment around with less than 0.75" RMS error.

It has been a long journey, and I've since complimented my C9.25 with an Askar 103 APO refractor, but the ease and fastness of the Askar only got me more fascinated and appreciative of my focal behemoth of an SCT, my good old Celestron C9.25.

It would be great to hear your story and what drives you to image at really high focal lengths.

Cheers,
Dan
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morrienz avatar
Just added to the group images a Saturn nebula DSO image at 4200mm FL and F/15  that I did in 2021, link below. C11 Edge HD SCT with a 1.5x Siebert Optics Barlow with the SCT's primary mirror locked. I had the rig set up at that focal length for lucky/video planetary imaging, and decided to try a test session of DSO/long exposure imaging that same night with my cooled DSO camera instead of the planetary/video camera.  

https://www.astrobin.com/2yha3r/

The Saturn nebula (NGC 7009) 4200 mm FL image was actually done unguided, at 3 minute exposures, but using my very high precision 10Micron GM1000 HPE mount which is specially designed for unguided long exposure imaging (but only if the optical train is also rigid enough to be up with the mount's extreme-precision tracking), so there was no agonizing PHD anxiety for that imaging run.  Even for a 10Micron mount though, unguided long exposure  imaging at 4200 mm is asking a LOT, and the image (13x 3 minutes stacked) came out not all that sharp as you can see. It would be interesting to try it again guided, at that same big FL, and see if it might be better.

A 10Micron mount can work nicely unguided at the native 2800 mm FL of a C11 Edge HD though (with main mirror locked and a rigid external rear focuser fitted such as a TS Steeltrack Diamond SCT focuser with short adapter), unguided at up to 5-10 minute exposures, with a good 50 to 99 point plate-solved sky model pre-built in the mount, but 4200 mm was maybe pushing it a bit far in that test. 
 
I also have a supposed to be very high quality Astrophysics brand 2 inch 2x flat-field Barlow (2" Advanced Convertible Photo-Visual Barlow  -BARADV) designed at least partly for long focal length DSO imaging, that I haven't used yet, but want to try on some of my other scopes at about or over 2000 mm FL on DSOs.

Cheers,
Chris
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Daniel Petzen avatar
Hi Chris

Thank you for your post! This is exactly the stuff I wanted to hear more about when I created this group. Brilliant.

I saw your Saturn Nebula image and I thought I was pushing it when I don't use a reducer for DSOs and then you come along with a C11 and a 1.5x Barlow. Respect :-) LOL.

It would be absolutely smashing if you would go back and do a really long integration time with guiding. I'd love to see that.

You also mention what I think is the biggest challenge: tracking accuracy.

10Micron GM1000. Very nice (extremely nice actually!). It was really interesting to hear about it's performance. I'm dreaming and saving to a new mount with encoders.

I have an old Skywatcher EQ6 Pro (not even EQ6-R). I've upgraded all that can be upgraded. I think I know every single nut and bolt in that thing. I have been down sniffing at 0.35" RMS error on a good night (a very good night), but I normally get 0.6-0.7 when the conditions are good. …and often 1+ when it's just one of those nights.

I've got loads of things I want to discuss around tracking, but I'll save that for later.

I think you're extremely well positioned to do some really intersting stuff with even longer focal lengths, given the tracking performance you can get out of your mount. It'll be very interesting to follow.

I need to read up on a few things you mention as well. I've got a lot to learn here, which is great.

Cheers,
Dan
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Bill Dirks avatar
I also have an EdgeHD 9.25, and I just recently thought about this. I got the 0.7X reducer with the telescope (a little over a year ago), and basically just threaded it on and didn't think about it anymore. (This gives F/7 1650mm focal length.)

Then I recently did two small galaxies, NGC 7217 and NGC 7479, and it occurred to me that the native focal length might have been better suited. I decided to try F/10 (2350mm) on a small galaxy, and chose PGC 120 as the target. I also did NGC 40, a small planetary nebula, on a couple nights when the moon was too close to PGC 120.

Same LRGB imaging train as usual, just without the reducer. ASIAir, ZWO AM5, ZWO EAF, ZWO OAG, ASI533MM+LRGB. Guided exposures, all 600s. Plate solving, focusing, guiding, all worked fine. And I'm convinced I do get a little better angular resolution at 2350mm than at 1650mm. Added the images to this group.

Only issue I had that was related to the longer focal length was getting PGC 120 on the sensor. It wasn't in the ASIAir database, so I entered the coordinates from an internet search, not realizing the the ASIAir uses current celestial coordinates and I was entering J2000 coordinates. Because of the small field of that sensor at that focal length, the target was completely outside of the field of view.

I think F/10 is quite viable and gives better resolution for small or medium size DSO targets that aren't too faint, and will probably keep using it.
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morrienz avatar
Hi Bill. You've captured some very nice detail in/around the cores of those small galaxies. I agree that your 9.25 is working very nicely on the AM5 mount with your ASI533 at that native focal length. I guess with a strain wave mount you are probably using quite short guide intervals? It's so easy to get messed up by J2000/JNOW coordinate differences, that on a wider FOV don't cause a big issue, but can cause real problems on a narrow FOV.

Cheers,
Chris
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Bill Dirks avatar
Thanks.

I didn't note the guide settings, but it was certainly 2s, and also I probably used bin2 on the guide camera. There are obviously fewer and dimmer guide stars with higher focal lengths, but I didn't have an issues on those images. Lucky. I probably pointed a little off center of the targets to get more favorable guide star position.

I almost always use 2s with the EdgeHD 925. I don't see an improvement with 1s, and with 0.5s I get a bad oscillation. That might be fixable with other guide settings, but I don't know enough about it. This is with a 14 to 15 kg payload, and a 4.5 kg counterweight on the AM5, close it its limit. I think at 0.5s it can't respond fast enough against that much angular momentum. Longer guide exposure also averages out the seeing better. On other projects I have used 3s and even 4s when shooting with a Duo camera through color filters and the guide stars are dim. It still guides well enough. With a large payload the angular momentum is helping you, so don't fight it? I admit to being a noob here.
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morrienz avatar
Bill Dirks:
Thanks.

I didn't note the guide settings, but it was certainly 2s, and also I probably used bin2 on the guide camera. There are obviously fewer and dimmer guide stars with higher focal lengths, but I didn't have an issues on those images. Lucky. I probably pointed a little off center of the targets to get more favorable guide star position.

I almost always use 2s with the EdgeHD 925. I don't see an improvement with 1s, and with 0.5s I get a bad oscillation. That might be fixable with other guide settings, but I don't know enough about it. This is with a 14 to 15 kg payload, and a 4.5 kg counterweight on the AM5, close it its limit. I think at 0.5s it can't respond fast enough against that much angular momentum. Longer guide exposure also averages out the seeing better. On other projects I have used 3s and even 4s when shooting with a Duo camera through color filters and the guide stars are dim. It still guides well enough. With a large payload the angular momentum is helping you, so don't fight it? I admit to being a noob here.

Hi Bill/Daniel.

Bill, it's great to hear the AM5 is performing well with a counterweight and near its weight limit at a long focal length. I'm a keen ZWO user (of multiple Asiairs, various cameras and a little Seestar S50 smartscope, but not an AM mount  - yet, and have been a loyal customer of theirs almost since they began, with one of Sam Wen's first planetary cameras). Guiding with my 10Micron mount, mostly using an Asiair PLUS, is almost the opposite to your AM5 (I seldom guide with it though as I mostly image unguided, unless I need to but can't be bothered building a new sky model for the mount - about a 15-25 minute process of waiting while it gets 50 to 99 sky images all over the sky and plate solves them all to build a full-sky model). With the 10Micron's high precision dual encoders and engineering giving virtually zero PE/backlash or other mechanical errors, very long or at least widely spaced guide intervals are usually recommended and tend to work best, maybe 10 seconds or even longer, just a handful of guide intervals per minute to let the encoders/high precision tracking, the mount's comprehensive sky model, and it's air temp/pressure sensor based atmospheric refraction compensation do most of the work, with just some occasional guiding  assistance. They are very different ways to try and achieve round stars and good sharpness between those opposite ends of mount PE levels between an AM or other  strainwave mount and an encoder equipped AP/10Micron/ASA/Planewave etc mount, but both ways can certainly work nicely even at longish focal lengths, and at hugely different cost levels.

Daniel, the 10Micron certainly is extremely nice, wonderfully engineered and with some very clever firmware, and does suit long focal lengths very well, but with careful guiding people produce amazing sharp images at quite long focal lengths with ZWO AMs, Sky watcher/Celestron and many other not quite as precise mounts as well, and the whopping cost of a 10Micron  mount is always going to seriously limit the numbers of them, as is the case with AP/Planewave/ASA and other very high precision dual-axis encoder mount brands.  I came mostly from the Celestron mount world before my 10Micron and was a primary beta tester for Celestron, and I still successfully use an old Celestron mount I keep at another location, and really like and regularly still use my tiny and very sloppy but clever Skywatcher Heliofind specialised solar tracking mount, and my tabletop Skywatcher Heritage 130p mini-dobsonian).  Interestingly, one thing that happens with a 10Micron mount, for me anyway,  is that you very soon come to hardly even notice it. Because it performs so faultlessly and precisely it usually just isn't a factor you have to think/worry about at all during an imaging session, so it drops out of your thoughts, which sometimes can feel a tiny bit anti-climactic given the money spent on it. It's a strange phenomenon. Mine gets a lot more cobwebs etc on it in my backyard dome than my old Celestron mounts did, because with those I was always having to fiddle around with them and look at them to do things, but the 10Micron can sit there for many months hardly even being looked at, just switched on around dusk, used faultlessly for each session, then parked and turned off before bed or the next morning, which means it tends to sit there unnoticed gathering dust and cobwebs etc until I suddenly notice that it is all dirty and needs a good wipe down/clean with a small amount of petroleum jelly (10Micron's recommended treatment for the exterior of the mount). 

I also really enjoy the opposite of what we are talking about in this group, short focal length/very fast f-ratio/short imaging time sessions, and often image with my C11 Edge HD with a  Starizona Hyperstar lens at f/2 and only 560mm focal length ... but that is well off-topic here.

Cheers,
Chris
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Daniel Petzen avatar
Bill: thanks for joining the discussion. It was really interesting to hear about your experiences in the 'ZWO eco system', especially how the AM5 strain wave mount performs. I've also tried 2x binning on my guide camera, so it was intersting to hear you had as well. I still use a guide scope, as getting my OAG to work is something I've, embarrassingly enough, still haven't managed to get to work. I'll probably start a separate discussion around that, as I think it's time to ask for some help.

I'm using PHD2 and have found that the Guiding Assistance can help a lot. It takes about 5 minutes, but it find the perfect backlash compensation, exposure time and minimum move for Ra/DEC.

I also find your discussion around the guiding correction frequency and the load on the mount very intersting, and worth pondering a bit more. The sweet spot for my C9.25/EQ6 is 1.5s (PHD2), but I sometimes have to bump it up with the SNR drops down dues to worse seeing conditions.

Chris: I can understand it feel like an anti-climax that the 10Micron mount causes so little hassle that it's almost forgotten, but with chronic mount tracking woes, line shaped stars, blurry images and having to stay on two minute or less subframe exposures, I can assure you that is absolutely fantastic! :-)

Cheers,
Dan
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Bill Dirks avatar
Daniel,
I would say I usually use Bin1 on the guide camera with the reducer, but I think I ended up with Bin2 when using the long focal length.

With the ASI174MM-MINI camera in the OAG, I rarely have trouble with it. I find the OAG a must with the EdgeHD. Only way I could get round stars.  I assume because of mirror flop. The mirror lock knobs didn't help.

I still have a tiny bit of elongation of stars in the RA direction, I assume due to the periodic error of the strain wave gear not completely canceled by the guiding. The new model AM5N is supposed to have less than half the PE of the original. For long focal length and long exposure, we must pursue any advantage!
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Tom Bash avatar
Hello,

I added to the group an image I took of the trapezium at the prime focus of my C14 with a QHY-533M camera.  The image scale is 0.198"/pixel:
https://www.astrobin.com/5m08af/
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Daniel Petzen avatar
Tom Bash:
Hello,

I added to the group an image I took of the trapezium at the prime focus of my C14 with a QHY-533M camera.  The image scale is 0.198"/pixel:
https://www.astrobin.com/5m08af/

Nice! 0.198"/pixel :-)

Talk about resolving the trapezium! :-)

I went back to check one of my earliest images (Orion Nebula M42) of the same region and that had an image scale of 0.461"/pixel. Did you do a Drizzle x2?

I've not added it to the group photos as it's a veeeery early image that leaves quite a bit to be desired in the imaging and post-processing department.

The clouds are persistent here, but you got me all excited about my old data. I may give it another go. I've had some good results with Lanczos-3 x2 interpolation in APP that I want to try on my old data.

Thanks for sharing!
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Tom Bash avatar
Hi Daniel,

No drizzle, that's the native image scale for that scope and camera combination; it's what I use for planetary imaging.

Thanks!
Daniel Petzen avatar
Tom Bash:
No drizzle, that's the native image scale for that scope and camera combination; it's what I use for planetary imaging.

I did some research and yes, of course, that is the HUGE difference between a C9.25/ASI294MC and a C14/QHY533M. The resolving power of the C14 is just stunning :-)

The Lanczos-3 x2 image I stacked last night has a resolution of 0.230"/pixel, but that is not the native "real" resolution.

My choice of the ASI294MC was because of it's relatively large pixel size (4.63 microns), as it helped the extreme requirements on the guiding and reduced the oversampling a bit. I live in a Bortle 5 area, so it's not often I get to enjoy the resolution of my scope, though.
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Area51x avatar
Thanks for creating this group. I started imaging a few years ago with a RedCat 51 on an AM5 and my EdgeHD8 which was primarily for planetary stuff. I then got a Mach2 GTO mount and then switched to using the EdgeHD 8 with the 0.7x reducer full time in my backyard ROR shed observatory. Now this group has got me thinking if I should switch to the native FL. The f/10 is what scares me a bit. My new camera is a 2600MM Pro. My observatory is on my balcony which limits the allowable width and just about the biggest scope that will fit in there is the EdgeHD8. Otherwise I would probably invest in something bigger like an ASA Newtonian or AG optical IDK (which I don't think they make anymore).
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Jeff Kisslinger avatar
When I saw the group description I knew I had to join. One of the scopes I image with is a 4064mm focal length Meade 16” SCT. Looking forward to hearing everyone’s experiences with long focal length scopes.
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Daniel Petzen avatar
Thanks for creating this group. I started imaging a few years ago with a RedCat 51 on an AM5 and my EdgeHD8 which was primarily for planetary stuff. I then got a Mach2 GTO mount and then switched to using the EdgeHD 8 with the 0.7x reducer full time in my backyard ROR shed observatory. Now this group has got me thinking if I should switch to the native FL. The f/10 is what scares me a bit. My new camera is a 2600MM Pro. My observatory is on my balcony which limits the allowable width and just about the biggest scope that will fit in there is the EdgeHD8. Otherwise I would probably invest in something bigger like an ASA Newtonian or AG optical IDK (which I don't think they make anymore).

Welcome!

Thanks for the intro. I love to hear about other Astro photographers journey, situation, equipment and all. I started on a balcony in Chelsea, London, with an Meade ETX-90 :-)

I would definitely give full focal length a go (surprise, surprise!).

An EdgeHD 8" is perfect. People with more in-depth knowledge can correct me if I'm wrong, but I think you'll get even better stars at the edges of the image at full focal length, which, with a camera like the ASI2600, would be great.

The main reason for doing astrophotography at full FL is, for me at least, the challenge and satisfaction when you manage to get sharp images at really long FLs.

I've been looking at a wide range of telescopes, including Newtonians. I've homed in on GSO 12" CR. I can't fit a 14" in my observatory, but that is an academic issues right now, as I don't have any money for either telescope :-)
Daniel Petzen avatar
Jeff Kisslinger:
When I saw the group description I knew I had to join. One of the scopes I image with is a 4064mm focal length Meade 16” SCT. Looking forward to hearing everyone’s experiences with long focal length scopes.

That is EPIC! LOL!

Thanks for joining the group.

I love it. I've dreamt of having a 16" Meade.

4,046mm focal length. Kudos to that.

I'm really curious about your wheeled tripods. How do you use them? I can see bolts that looks like they go into the ground to provide stability.
Jeff Kisslinger avatar
The carts are JMI Wheely Bars and they’re great! I just pull them out when it’s going to be clear and pull them back in when it’s going to rain. The C11 is fairly light and easy to move. The 16” on the iOptron CEM is a good haul, but manageable. 

The bolts you referenced are leveling feet. I just use them so nothing moves. Over the years I’ve learned you really don’t need to worry about being exactly leveled, within reason.