Can someone help me understand the vignettes on these images?

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jeremy.wiggins avatar
I am seeing an issue that I don't understand, which is a single-corner vignette that appears to be changing over time.  Below are a sampling of images I've taken with generally the same setup.  Relevant details are included.  I would greatly appreciate any help that you all can offer, as this is really driving me mad.

Details:
  • These were all imaged from the the same location.
  • These were all imaged with the same camera, a ZWO ASI160mm-c pro.  I think @ the same temperature of -20, with the exception of the Horsehead for which I forgot to turn on the fan.
  • These were all imaged with the same filter wheel, a Starlight XPress 7-position wheel.
  • All but the Horsehead nebula were imaged through an Astrodon O-III filter.  The Horsehead was imaged through an Astrodon L filter.
  • The same scope was used in each image, an Astrophysics StarFire GTX Refractor
  • Each image below is a single sub auto stretched in PixInsight.


In chronological order:

The Crescent Nebula.  No field flattener.  5m exposure @ 300 gain.  This was overexposed, and you can see some amp glow in both the right corners.



The Bubble Nebula.  No Flattener.  4m exposure @ 200 gain.  Here you can see an obvious vignette in the top right corner.



The Tadpoles.  We added an Astrophysics Quad TCC .72x reducer.  4m exposure @ 200 gain.  It actually looks like the amp glow creeped back in.  My suspicion is that I didn't account for the lower F-stop after adding the TCC, so it's overexposed again.



Veil Nebula.  Quad TCC.  105s exposure @ 200 gain.  Here you can see it's now the bottom right corner that has the issue.



Horsehead.  Quad TCC.  25s exposure @ 139 gain.  Finally, some consistency.  The bottom right corner looks off again.



The kicker is that I don't own the telescope, so I can't completely test this on my own.  A friend owns the scope, I own the rest of the imaging equipment, and we meet when there's a clear night to image.  So this weekend I've been testing what I can at home, sans-telescope, basically pointing the camera at a white wall with the filter wheel attached, but nothing else.  Taking 1s exposures through the O-III filter and 0.0058s exposures through the L filter, which looks... interesting.  I have no idea if these are of any value, but you can pretty clearly see the lower right corner looks darker in both.  Again, these have a PixInsight auto-stretch applied.

Of note:  I have tried these with multiple filters and multiple orientations of the camera with respect to the filter.   The corner in question is always the bottom right.  The lone exception is the Bubble Nebula above, which I cannot explain.

O-III:



L:



My questions are:
1.  Can anyone explain what's going on?  Is this a "feature" of the camera sensor, or something else?
2.  In your opinion, would this calibrate out if we took flats?  We don't typically take flat frames, but I'd be more than happy to make time for them if they would calibrate out these horrid corners.

Happy to try anything people would suggest given the limitation of not having the telescope in my physical presence.  Also happy to take notes for test shots to take next time we have the scope out.  Thanks much for any ideas or suggestions!
Helpful Engaging
Shawn avatar
For the stripes in the L filter flat, the exposure is too short so you pick up the 120Hz flickering of your light source (or 100Hz if you live in the place where the electricity is 50Hz).
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John avatar
i have the same filterwheel,you need  to put the asi as close in the wheel.
 with flats you can get it away.
Tommy Lease avatar
I had similar vignetting issues and it was that my filter wheel needed to be calibrated. Basically, the filter wasn't square in the center of the sensor. I have the ZWO EFW, which I was able to calibrate and lined up the filter. Maybe your filter wheel has the same feature? Worth a shot.
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jeremy.wiggins avatar
John:
i have the same filterwheel,you need  to put the asi as close in the wheel.
 with flats you can get it away.

In my testing, I noticed the filters were closer to one edge of the wheel than the other and that my camera was mounted on the side where they were farther from the edge.  So I tried moving the camera to the other side so that the sensor was closer to the filters.  I had to remove the center screw on the back of the wheel, but it seems to be fine without it.
Tommy Lease:
I had similar vignetting issues and it was that my filter wheel needed to be calibrated. Basically, the filter wasn't square in the center of the sensor. I have the ZWO EFW, which I was able to calibrate and lined up the filter. Maybe your filter wheel has the same feature? Worth a shot.

Interesting.  I can actually see that the filters don't rotate perfectly in alignment with the sensor.  BUT - the filters are 36mm which more than cover the ZWO's sensor, even with the slight misalignment.  Do you suspect that could still cause problems?  If so, how did you calibrate your wheel?  It sounds like it may have a calibration feature built in... I'm not aware of mine having such a feature, but will definitely check it out.
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Jeff Bennett avatar
I think its a simple alignment issue of the image train.
jeremy.wiggins avatar
Jeff Bennett:
I think its a simple alignment issue of the image train.

Can you elaborate?  How would one go about correcting such an alignment issue?  Sorry if this is a basic question.
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Rich Sky avatar
Taking flats and dark flats will fix your image

clear skies
Tommy Lease avatar
John:
i have the same filterwheel,you need  to put the asi as close in the wheel.
 with flats you can get it away.

In my testing, I noticed the filters were closer to one edge of the wheel than the other and that my camera was mounted on the side where they were farther from the edge.  So I tried moving the camera to the other side so that the sensor was closer to the filters.  I had to remove the center screw on the back of the wheel, but it seems to be fine without it.
Tommy Lease:
I had similar vignetting issues and it was that my filter wheel needed to be calibrated. Basically, the filter wasn't square in the center of the sensor. I have the ZWO EFW, which I was able to calibrate and lined up the filter. Maybe your filter wheel has the same feature? Worth a shot.

Interesting.  I can actually see that the filters don't rotate perfectly in alignment with the sensor.  BUT - the filters are 36mm which more than cover the ZWO's sensor, even with the slight misalignment.  Do you suspect that could still cause problems?  If so, how did you calibrate your wheel?  It sounds like it may have a calibration feature built in... I'm not aware of mine having such a feature, but will definitely check it out.

If you have 36mm filters, then the filter wheel misalignment might not be your issue. But again, worth a shot to calibrate it.
Jeff Bennett avatar
Jeff Bennett:
I think its a simple alignment issue of the image train.

Can you elaborate?  How would one go about correcting such an alignment issue?  Sorry if this is a basic question.

Many scopes have "tip/tilt" push/pull screws on or outside the visual back or focus tube.  My Televue 129is does, all quality RC's do.  You just have to adjust the screws, take images like these, and see which way the vignetting moves, readjust, image again and repeat.  I doubt it has anything to do with the FW or FW filters.

Honestly I don't think what you have here is that big of deal.  For corners, edges etc, just dynamic crop out the corner.  If that removes an important part of the image, start over with new frames.
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Jeff Bennett avatar
Here's a single frame of a recent integration.  I clearly have vignetting, but I don't worry about it.

Jeff Bennett avatar
But the final is corrected:  https://astrob.in/27zr6v/0/

Good luck
Rich Sky avatar
In your crescent nebula, you describe amp glow in the right corners… This is actually a large Ha cloud, not amp glow.
your data seems ok.
clear skies.
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